Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology

A new study provides an explanation for why certain leukemia patients do not respond to therapy

Male mice fall into two camps when it comes to love: some fiercely guard the females within their territory, while others roam in search of quick flings

Sometimes remembering less than your opponent in repeated games can still lead to optimal outcomes

Natural growth differences can have a crucial impact on cooperation in nature

In a study, it wasn't the bravest mice, but rather the shy ones, that proved to be the most persistent tinkerers

The Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology can be found in the northernmost part of Germany in the tranquil town of Plön, between Kiel and Lübeck. At this research institute, surrounded by a picturesque landscape of lakes, Arne Traulsen and his team develop models that describe natural processes.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has moved at lightning speed from the domain of nerdy scientist and science fiction to everyday reality. While there is potential for huge societal benefit, numerous reasons indicate the need for caution, particularly concerning the consequences of creating non-human agents more intelligent than us. Indeed, recently, an open letter advocating a pause in giant AI experiments that go beyond the power of GPT-4 was endorsed and signed by numerous individuals including leading academics, AI researchers and tech industry titans.

This fall, millions of birds in the northern hemisphere once again heading south towards their non-breeding grounds. Miriam Liedvogel will be keeping her fingers crossed that some of them in particular will return safely next spring. The scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Plön has provided them with a bit of extra luggage to carry: specialized sensors known as light-level geolocators. Upon safe return next spring, these tiny light-sensors should reveal the birds whereabouts throughout the winter.

Cheaters can leave. In the case of the bacteria in Paul Rainey’s lab, that’s exactly what is wanted. In his laboratory at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Ploen, the evolutionary biologist studies how multicellular life emerges from individual cells. Their findings show that too much cohesion can be counterproductive.

Everything has its price – especially health, of course. At the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Ploen, Tobias Lenz and his team are researching what the evolutionary costs of perfect immunity might be and why we are not immune to all pathogens.

New life arises only if two healthy germ cells fuse. However, the process of meiotic cell division, essential for germ cell formation, is often faulty, or even nonfunctional - leading to miscarriages and infertility. Despite the central importance of germ cells, the cellular mechanisms by which they are formed remains mysterious. Our goal is to uncover and understand the genetic and epigenetic players that control the central processes of meiotic recombination.

Plants are colonized by diverse microbial communities. Some of the microbial species produce antifungal compounds that inhibit the growth of fungal and other pathogens. Likewise, fungal pathogens can produce antibacterial compounds to manipulate the plant microbiota.

Self-replicating sequences are not unusual in genomes, they make up more than 50% of the human genome. Usually, such sequences are molecular parasites that do not benefit the host. However, we have identified populations of self-replicating sequences that provide a benefit to their bacterial hosts. The evolution of these sequences is fascinating, not only because one generation in these populations lasts thousands of years, but also because evolutionary conflicts, reminiscent of those between organisms and cells, can be observed between the sequence populations and their bacterial hosts.

How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? Often, extra-DNA, so-called plasmids, that bacteria carry in addition to their chromosomes plays an important role. At cell division, the plasmids are passed on to the daughter cells, however not neatly, but with some randomness. Stochastic models can elegantly describe this process over many generations, contributing to a clear picture of the dynamics of plasmid-encoded genes, for example resistance genes. This knowledge is the basis for influencing the evolution of bacterial populations and preventing the emergence of resistance.

Even among simply structured organisms a fascinating variety of cellular communities from chain-forming bacteria to the formation and coordinated dissolution of large colonies can be found. Where does this diversity come from? And are there any fundamental rules for this diversity? General statements actually can be made applying mathematical models: Even without detailed knowledge about the biology of living organisms, one can understand which life cycles are theoretically feasible, and thus identify the conditions for the emergence of simple life cycles.